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Cyanea kunthiana

(Gaudich.) Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Cyanea

hāhā [haha]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 0.5–1.5 m tall.

Stems: Stems subherbaceous, woody only at base, unbranched or sparingly branched.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades elliptic to narrowly obovate, blades 12–30 cm long, 3–7 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base cuneate. Upper surfaces green, sparsely pubescent; lower surfaces whitish green, pubescent. Margins minutely callose–denticulate. Petioles 2–4 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 8–24–flowered, axillary, pubescent, peduncles 6–25 mm long, pedicels 6–15 mm long; hypanthium obovoid, 4–6 mm long, pubescent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5-lobed, lobes narrowly triangular, apex acuminate, 5–8 mm long, distinct or rarely connate, tube adnate to ovary. Corolla zygomorphic, whitish with pale lilac longitudinal stripes or dark purplish, 30–35 mm long, 3–4 mm wide, sparsely pubescent, the tube suberect to slightly curved, dorsally cleft to about the middle, the lobes spreading, ¼–⅓ as long as the tube. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, connate; staminal column sparsely pubescent; anthers densely pubescent, the lower 2 with apical tufts of white hairs, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, coherent but separating after anthesis or connate and forming a tube into which pollen is shed; filaments distinct or connate above, attached to the epigynous nectary disk or to base of corolla, rarely adnate to corolla tube.

Fruit: Berries purplish orange; obovoid to ellipsoid; 7–8 mm long. Seeds numerous; small; brown to black; smooth; shiny; 0.2–0.5(–2) mm long; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in wet forest.

Elevation Range: 1,000–1,600 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 264 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:453 (M)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Plants 3'-5' tall, upright unbranched, flowers 3 cm long, purple with whitish lobes of corolla less than 1 cm long. Hobdy, R.W. 560 Maui BISH 1979-05-17
2 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9144 Maui BISH 1980-06-13
3 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH
4 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Dark reddish striped with white. Forbes, C.N. 971 Maui BISH 1919-07-27
5 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Bishop, E.F. 47 Maui BISH 1871-01-01
6 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH
7 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 879 Maui BISH 1922-10-18
8 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Under Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, & Broussaisia. Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 253 Maui BISH 1973-06-29
9 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 743 Maui BISH 1919-06-11
10 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 417 Maui BISH 1916-09-25
11 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 14846 Maui BISH 1916-09-24
12 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Bishop, E.F. 47 Maui BISH 1871-01-01
13 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8806 Maui BISH 1911-05-01
14 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Bishop, E.F. 47 Maui BISH 1871-01-01
15 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH
16 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9285 Maui BISH 1980-06-28
17 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details ... in dense forest. from second label on sheet. Preserved_Specimen ... terrestrial as well as on the trunks of trees, fleshy throughout, flowers were not collected, berries reddish in dense clusters below the fleshy leaves on short peduncles, whole plant about 2 ft high. from second label on sheet. Rock, J.F.C. 8572 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
18 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Overhanging stream bed. Preserved_Specimen In fruit. Medeiros, A.C. 435 Maui BISH 1983-07-08
19 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest bog. Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 614 Maui BISH 1916-09-25
20 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Orange fruit. Warshauer, F.R. 3069 Maui BISH 1980-08-16
21 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In gulches. Associated vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Ilex, Melicope, Myrsine, Leptecophylla, Vaccinium, Rubus, Dryopteris, Athyrium, Asplenium, Smilax, Peperomia, Elaphoglossum, Astelia, Coprosma, Hedyotis, Uncinia. Preserved_Specimen Up to 1.5m tall with white latex, usually 2-5 plants in each location. Oppenheimer, H.L. 60603 Maui BISH 2006-06-03
22 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing in dense forest in wet pockets between Puukukui and east bog. Preserved_Specimen Low plants 2-4' tall, apparently of the Pilosae group. Stems pilose; leaves scattered along the stems; fruits 1 cm across bright orange and perfectly round. Leaves to 6 long, oblanceolate, pilose. Hobdy, R.W. Maui BISH 1979-08-17
23 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Slightly branched shrub; 2+cm Bd; 1+m tall. In fruit & flower. Warshauer, F.R. 2851 Maui BISH 1980-07-21
24 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Corolla purple Higashino, P.K. 9350 Maui BISH 1980-06-10
25 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Scattered and occasional in Wet Forest and shrubland. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Kadua, Psychotria, Freycinetia, Clermontia, Sadleria, Cibotium, Adenophorus, Tibouchina, Dryopteris, Vaccinium, scaevola, Astelia, Dryopteris, Elaphoglossum, Paspalum, Tibouchina. Preserved_Specimen Latex white; fruit bright orange, plants to 1 meter tall, unbranched. Oppenheimer, H.L. 91105 Maui BISH 2011-09-13
26 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 732 Maui BISH 1927-11-27
27 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 0.5 m; corolla purple Higashino, P.K. 9284 Maui BISH 1980-06-28
28 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris montane wet forest, dissected by riparian vegetation W/ Bourssaisia arguta, Myrsine sandwicensis, Dubautia plantaginea, D. scabra, Kadua affinis, K. axillaris, Scaevola chamissoniana, Clermontia samuelii subsp. hanaensis, C. tuberculata, C. grandiflora Preserved_Specimen tree, 1.5 m tall, few branched, fruit orange, common in region Wood, K.R. 15631 Maui BISH 2013-08-21
29 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In underbrush in wet rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 731 Maui BISH 1927-12-20
30 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On west side of small stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Ilex, Melicope, Myrsine, Coprosma, Rubus, Vaccinium, Leptecophylla, Sadleria, Dubautia, Pseudophegopteris, Athyrium, Dryopteris, Smilax, Elaphoglossum, Polystichum, Asplenium, Carex, Astelia, Uncinia. Preserved_Specimen Single 1 meter tall, unbranched plant. Oppenheimer, H.L. 51106 Maui BISH 2011-05-11
31 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Flower purple Higashino, P.K. 9284 Maui BISH 1980-06-28
32 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Corolla purple. Higashino, P.K. 9144 Maui BISH 1980-06-13
33 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details [From protologue: Dense swampy jungle] Preserved_Specimen Fruiting Rock, J.F.C. 8572 Maui BISH 1910-10-01
34 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain forest. Preserved_Specimen 1m shrub. Fruit orange. Wilbur, R.L. 827 Maui BISH 1948-06-26
35 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In wet forest. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Melicope, Cibotium, Kadua, Psychotria, Smilax, Astelia, Carex, Wikstroemia, Myrsine, Broussaisia, Clermontia, Tibouchina, Juncus, Preserved_Specimen Rare small shrubs sparingly branched from base; fruits bright orange, globose; latex white. Oppenheimer, H.L. 81241 Maui BISH 2012-08-28
36 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Swampy woods. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 ft tall, corolla with rose pink stripe from base up midrib of each petal. bright orange and perfectly round. Leaves to 6 long, oblanceolate, pilose. St.John, H. 10248 Maui BISH 1930-02-07
37 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Growing in middle of Carex bog. Preserved_Specimen 1.8 m tall. Flower purple w/ white streak. Higashino, P.K. 9143 Maui BISH 1980-06-13
38 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details At base of Metrosideros. Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 268 Maui BISH 1973-06-29
39 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Flower purple. Higashino, P.K. 9350 Maui BISH 1980-07-10
40 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 1.8m tall. Higashino, P.K. 9305 Maui BISH 1980-06-29
41 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dense forest. Preserved_Specimen seeds white; leaves dark green above; shiny, pale vitreous green below. Forbes, C.N. 944 Maui BISH 1919-07-24
42 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Under dense closed Metrosideros polymorpha canopy. Ass. veg: Melicope clusiifolia, Vaccinium calycinum, Broussaisia arguta, Elaphoglossum sp., Polypodium pellucidum, Athyrium microphyllum. Preserved_Specimen Uncommon in preserve & only observed above 4000' (1219 m). One of 4 in a single colony, plants attaining ca. 0.5 m. Meidell, J.S. 110 Maui BISH 1996-02-07
43 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron trigynum-Dicranopteris linearis montane wet forest. With Broussaisia arguta, sadleria cyatheoides, Rubus hawaiiensis, Pittosporum, Gunnera, Leptecophylla, Dryopteris wallichiana, Myrsine lessertiana, Melicope clusifolia, Diplazium sandwichianum, Cyanea Preserved_Specimen 2 plants, 1 meter ht with immature fruit Perlman, S. 21734 Maui BISH 2009-08-15
44 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 85 Maui BISH 1928-12-18
45 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 1.8 m tall Higashino, P.K. 9143 Maui BISH 1980-06-13
46 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen stems 3-4 ft tall in a clump; corolla pink; filament tube and stigma white. Forbes, C.N. 147 Maui BISH 1919-07-01
47 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Old fruits and buds. Munro, G.C. 811 Maui BISH 1928-02-19
48 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Slightly branched shrub, 2+ cm Bd, 1+ m tall Warshauer, F.R. 2851 Maui BISH 1980-07-21
49 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen caylx bronze green, corolla purplish red with white wide channels. Forbes, C.N. 2644 Maui BISH 1920-06-28
50 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8806 Maui BISH 1911-05-01
51 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Occasional, little branched bush to ca. 5 ft tall. Fruits purplish green. Crosby, M.R. 1767 Maui BISH 1964-07-16
52 Cyanea kunthiana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Young fl. stage. Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH 1954-02-01
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